Data type in C

Data Type in C: A data types in C specify the type of data that variables can hold. There are several basic data types in C:

Integer Data type in C

Integer Types: Used to store whole numbers without decimal points. Examples include:

• int: Typically 4 bytes on most systems. Example: int age = 30;
• short: Typically 2 bytes. Example: short quantity = 10;
• long: Typically 4 or 8 bytes, depending on the system. Example: long population = 1000000L;
• char: Typically 1 byte, stores single characters. Example: char grade = 'A';

Floating Data type in C

Floating-Point Types: Used to store numbers with decimal points. Examples include:

• float: Typically 4 bytes. Example: float pi = 3.14f;
• double: Typically 8 bytes, provides more precision than float. Example: double price = 19.99;

Void Data type in C

Void Type: Represents the absence of type. It is often used in functions that do not return a value or take no parameters. Example:

• void: Example of a function returning no value: void printMessage() { printf("Hello, World!\n"); }

Derived Data type in C

• Array Types: Contiguous collection of data elements of the same type. Example: int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
• Pointer Types: Store memory addresses of other data types. Example: int *ptr = &age;
• Structure Types: Store multiple variables of different types under a single name. See below structure example.
• Union Types: Similar to structures but share the same memory location for all members. See below union example.

Structure Data Type in C

struct Person {
    char name[50];
    int age;
    float salary;
};
struct Person employee;

Union Data Type in C

union Data {
    int i;
    float f;
    char str[20];
};
union Data data;

These data types provide flexibility for storing different kinds of data efficiently in memory, depending on the requirements of the program.